Study Material for Kindergarten and Primary school students

Natural Numbers 1,2,3,4,........ are natural numbers. The counting numbers are natural numbers. 1 is the smallest natural number. Whole Numbers Natural numbers with 0 are called whole numbers. 0,1,2,3,4,......... are whole numbers. 0 is the smallest whole number. Even Numbers A number divisible by 2 is called an even number. 2,4,6,8,20,48,66,84, are some even numbers. Odd Numbers A number not divisible by 2 is called an odd number. 3,5,7,9,13,25,47,59 are some odd numbers. Prime Numbers A number which is not divisible by any number except by itself or by 1 is called a prime number. 2,3,5,7,11,13 are some prime numbers. Composite Numbers All numbers greater than 1 which are not prime numbers are called composite numbers. 4,6,8,9,10,12,49,81 are some composite numbers.

12 pieces                  =  1 dozen 12 dozen                  =  1 gross 20 pieces                  = 1 score 1 inch                        = 12.54 cm 12 inch                      = 1 foot 3 feet                         = 1 yard 1760 yards               = 1 mile

10 milliliters (ml )  =  1 centimetre 10 centimetres ( CL) = 1 decilitre 10 decilitres ( d)       = 1 litre 10 litres (l)                 = 1 decalitre 10 decalitre (dal)     = 1 hectolitre 10 hectolitres (hl)   = 1 kilolitre

365 days        =    1 year 30, 31 days    =   1 month 7 days             =   1 week 24 hours        =   1 day 60 minutes    =  1 hour 60 seconds     = 1 minute

He often bought oranges from an old lady. After they were weighed, paid for and put in his bag, he would always pick one from his bag, peel it, put a segment in his mouth, complain it's Sour and pass on the orange to the seller. The old lady would put one segment in her mouth and restore, " why, it's sweet, " but by then he was gone with his bag. His wife, always with him, asked, " the oranges are always sweet, then why this drama every time? " He smiled, " the old mother sells sweet oranges but never eats them herself. This way I get her to eat one, without losing her money. That's all. " The vegetable seller next to the old lady, saw this everyday. She chooses, " every time this man fusses over your oranges, and I see that you always weigh a few extra for him. Why? " The old lady smiled, " I know he does this to feed me an orange, only, he thinks I don't understand. I never weigh extra. His love tilts the sca

10 milligrams ( mg) = 1centigram 10 centigrams (cg)   = 1 decigram 10 decigram ( dg)     = 1 gram 10 grams ( g)              = 1decagram 10 decagrams ( dag)= 1 hectogram 10 hectograms (hg) = 1 kilogram (kg) 1000 mg  = g 1000 g      = 1 kg 100 kg      = 1 quintals 10 quintals = 1 ton 

10 millimetres (mm) = 1 centimetre 10 centimetres (cm)  = 1 decimetre 10 decimetres (DM)  = 1 metre 10 metres (m)            = 1 decametre 10 decametres (dam) =1 hectometre 10 hectometres (hm)= 1killometre 1m = 10 dm= 100 cm = 1000 mm 1km =10hm = 100 dam = 1000n

 Gulliver was a great sea lover. He lived in England with his wife and children. Although he was a physician, yet his love for the sea often led him to long sea voyages In the year 1712, during one such voyage, his ship named " The Antelope " was wrecked being caught in a violent storm. Gulliver , not seeing any fellow sailor around, had no choice but to move alone where the destiny would take him. Floating day and night on a broken piece  of the wrecked ship, he reached a lonely island. Exhausted with constant labour, he fell fast asleep. When Gulliver came out of his slumber, he was feeling quite hungry. To fetch himself with something to eat, he tried to get up but he couldn't. 'Oh Good! Why can't I move myself?' said Gulliver to himself. As he looked around, he discovered that he was fastened tightly with many fibre ropes from head to toe. Suddenly, he saw some mini creatures crawling on his legs and hands. Some of them even climbed his chest. Gullive

1)  The _____________ is the star of a circus. 2)  ______________ was recently hit by an earthquake. 3)  A knitted woollen pullover is also  known as a _____________. 4) A trip or an excursion is also called a ____________. 5) A _____________is a person who hosts shows on the      radio. 6) Something that is believed to bring bad luck is          called a ____________. 7)  A 25th anniversary is known as a silver _________. 8)  _______________ are the largest cats in the                         Americas. 9)  A _____________ is a type of fish that doesn't have        a brain, heart or bones. 10) ___________  is known as India's national                      wonderland. 1) joker    2) Japan    3) Jumper   4) Jaunt   5) Jockey  6) Jinx   7) Jubilee   8) Jaguars   9) Jellyfish   10) Jammu and Kashmir

 In the beginning of years, when the world was very new, there was a Camel who lived in the middle of a Howling Desert. He did not like to work. He ate sticks and thorns and milkweeds and pickles. Whenever anyone spoke to him, all he said was " Humph!" and nothing more.  One morning, the Horse, Dog, and Ox came to him. The Horse said, "Oh , Camel. Come work with us and Man to make the Desert a better place."         But the Camel just said, " Humph!"     The Dog came to the Camel and said, " Oh, Camel. Come work with us and Man to make the Desert a better place. "         But the Camel just said ," Humph! "     The Ox came to the Camel and said, " Oh, Camel. Come work with us and Man to make the Desert a better place. "          Again, the Camel just said, " Humph! "      Then the Man, Horse, Dog, and Ox had a meeting. " It is a shame that the Camel will not work to help us make the Desert a better place

* Jellyfish have no right and left sides. They have a top and bottom like an umbrella. * Some jellyfish have bioluminescent organs that emit light, which means they can glow in the dark. * A jellyfish is also known as Medusa in Greek. A group of jellyfish is called a bloom, smack or swarm. * Jellyfish do not have a respiratory system. Their skin is so thin that the entire body is oxygenated by diffusion. They are boneless, brainless and heartless. * Even a dead jellyfish can sting.

* Reindeer are also known as caribu. Reindeer are domesticated would caribu. * Reindeer are the only deer where both the mails and the females grow antlers. Like human fingerprints, no two antlers are similar . * Reindeer live upto 15 years in the wild. They are usually 4 to 5ft tall and have antlers that are around 3ft long. * A male Reindeer is called a buck, a female is called a doe and a baby Reindeer is called a Fawn. * Reindeer are herbivores. They eat moss, grass and plants. They live in the tundra region.

* The IAF has launched a 3D mobile game app called,' Guardians of the Skies' to encourage the youth to join the IAF . * During the floods in Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh in 2013, the IAF carried out the largest civilian rescue operation Rahat . The forces rescued 19,600 people during this crisis. * The Indian Air Force ( IAF ) is the fourth largest in the world behind the air forces of USA, Russia and China. India also has the largest voluntary army in the world. * The motto of the IAF ,' Touch the Sky with Glory ' is derived from the Bhagavad Gita. * The honorary rank of Marshal of the Indian Air Force is the highest achievable rank and is equivalent to the rank of Field Marshal of the Indian Army . Arjan Singh is the only officer to have attained this rank.

Once upon a time there was a king whose name was Midas. The only aim of the king Midas was to hoard more and more golf. He would not pay any attention to the welfare of his subjects. " If I could be the richest king of the Earth! " the king often wished. One day, a great magician came to his court to show his magical tricks . The king was astonished to see the way he changed the plate of brass into a plate of gold. The king now wanted to learn the trick of changing brass into gold. "I want you to teach me the trick of making gold," the king ordered the magician. The magician smiled and tapped the hand of the king chanting a secret mantra. " O King! Now onwards, whatever you touch will change into gold! " said the magician. The king, to test the truthfulness of the magician's words, touched a flowerpot . To his sheer surprise, the flowerpot changed into pure gold. " I will now be the richest king on the Earth! " cried the king out of j